Gadolinium
Atomic Number: 64
Symbol: Gd
Atomic Weight: 157.25
Discovery: Jean de Marignac 1880 (Switzerland)
Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
Element Classification: Rare Earth (Lanthanide)
Word Origin: Named after the mineral gadolinite.
Density (g/cc): 7.900
Melting Point (K): 1586
Boiling Point (K): 3539
Appearance: soft, ductile, silvery-white metal
Atomic Radius (pm): 179
Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 19.9
Covalent Radius (pm): 161
Ionic Radius: 93.8 (+3e)
Specific Heat (@20°C J/g mol): 0.230
Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 398
Pauling Negativity Number: 1.20
First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 594.2
Oxidation States: 3
Lattice Structure: Hexagonal
Lattice Constant (Å): 3.640
Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.588
References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry & Physics (18th Ed.)
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